Colonisation: A process by which a different system of government is established by one nation over another group of peoples.
Transportation: Convicted criminals were transported to the colonies to serve their prison sentences
Industrial Revolution: In eighteenth-century Britain, a series of inventions enabled people to build new machines and structures that increased the rate of manufacture. This accelerated the movement of people and goods across the world. These achievements led to a rapid series of sweeping, often traumatic, changes in nineteenth-century society and politics.
Revolution: Sudden and radical change in society; a complete overthrow of an established government or political system.
Penal Colony: Distant or overseas settlement established for punishing criminals by forced labour and isolation from society.
Hulks: a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea - used to cater for overcrowded prisons.
1788: Captain Arthur Phillip, commander of the First Fleet of eleven convict ships from Great Britain and the first governor of New South Wales, arrived at Sydney Cove.